- Rolls Royce Aviation Engines
- Rolls Royce Aircraft Engine Manual Transmissions
- Rolls Royce Aircraft Engine Manuals Log In
The Rolls-Royce RB211 is a British family of high-bypass turbofan engines made by Rolls-Royce plc.Mismanagement of the initial development and consequent cost issues led to the effective nationalisation of Rolls-Royce Limited, to save the workforce and the engine businesses important to the UK and many other aerospace and aircraft operating companies. The Rolls-Royce Meteor and later the Rover Meteor was a British tank engine developed during the Second World War. It was used in British tanks up to 1964. It was a result of co-operation between Leyland Motors and Rolls-Royce who between them in 1941 had suggested that a specialised de-rated version of the latter company's Merlin aero-engine would be highly suitable for use in armoured. AIRCRAFT MANUAL. Rolls Royce Griffon Aero Engine Manual ROLLS ROYCE GRIFFON 74-7 MAINTENANCE MANUAL. ROLLS ROYCE PUBLICATION. 120 Pages, scanned direct from original, in FULL COLOR, Presented as a High resolution PDF.
During World War II, thousands of Rolls-Royce Merlin engines powered several famous aircraft such as the Supermarine Spitfire, Hawker Hurricane, DeHavilland Mosquito, P-51 Mustang, and the Avro Lancaster. The Merlin engine was developed in England in 1936, and was used in the prototype Spitfire F39/34. In 1939, a Rolls-Royce Merlin MK II engine, producing 1,030 hp, was selected to power the first production Spitfire. In early 1941, Packard Motors was licensed to build Merlin engines. The majority of Packard built Merlins were destined for what is considered by most to be the best fighter of World War II, the North American P-51 Mustang. The first Mustangs were powered by the Allison V-1710 engine, but by 1943, the Mustang P51B & C, (RAF Mustang III) were powered by a V-1650-3 Packard Merlin engine producing 1,520 hp. In Canada, the Packard Merlins were designated Merlin 28 and 29. Later models of the Curtiss P-40 were also powered by Packard Merlins. |
The standard engine for the P-51D Mustang was the liquid-cooled, l2-cylinder, Packard-built, Rolls-Royce Merlin V-1650-3 or -7 developing 1,400 hp at take-off. The original Mustangs were fitted with low-altitude rated Allison V-1710 engines, but as the possibilities of the Mustang as a high-altitude fighter was realized, it was decided to fit the aircraft with a Merlin engine. For this purpose, four Mustang Mark Is were sent to Rolls-Royce for use as development aircraft, AL963, AL975, AM203 and AM208. Merlin 61 series engines were installed with a frontal radiator, in addition to the normal ventral scoop. The Mustang/Rolls-Royce combination was an instant success and it was adopted as standard for all the Mustang variants. To increase engine production, Packard was selected to build the Merlin under license. |
The Merlin was fitted with an injection-type carburetor and a two-stage supercharger. The carburetor however, was at a disadvantage in maintaining positive fuel flow during negative G maneuvers causing the engine to sputter or cut-out. Unlike the German Daimler-Benz DB 601 which uses fuel-injection, this system maintains positive fuel flow when pulling negative Gs. Fuel-injection allowed many a Messerschmitt Bf 109 pilot to escape a Spitfire on its tail and return to fight another day. The -3 engine supercharger cut-in at 19,000 feet, and the -7, between 14,500 and 19,000 feet. The supercharger was automatic, but could be manually over ridden. In order to give the engine an extra burst of power during an emergency, the throttle could be pushed past the gate stop by breaking the safety wire. If used longer than five minutes, there was a risk of severe engine damage. There was no doubt when the supercharger cut into the high-blower position on the P-51 Mustang. The aircraft shuddered violently and pilots had to learn to anticipate the cut-in and reduce throttle. When descending, the change to low-blower took place at about 14,500 feet, and the only indication of the event was a drop in manifold pressure. The Packard Merlin drove either a four-blade Hamilton-Standard Hydromatic or Aeroproducts automatic, constant-speed propeller. Coolant (30/70 ethylene-glycol/water) and oil radiators were installed in the pronounced belly scoop radiator fairing under the fuselage. One weakness of the Merlin was that it could be put out of action by a single bullet or shrapnel, but this applied to all liquid-cooled engines and did not detract from the Mustang's all-round capabilities. The Mustang was a welcome sight to the Boeing B-17 Fortress crews as they plunged deep into German skies during the daylight offensive against the Nazi armament industries. The Merlin went through continuous development throughout World War II, ending up with at MK 71. The Merlin series was then superseded by the Griffon series. |
Specifications: | |
---|---|
Rolls-Royce Merlin I | |
Date: | 1936 |
Cylinders: | 12 |
Configuration: | V, Liquid cooled |
Horsepower: | 1,030 (768 kw) |
RPM: | 3,000 |
Bore and Stroke: | 5.4 in. (137 mm) x 6 in. (152 mm) |
Displacement: | 1,650 cu. in. (27 liters) |
Weight: | 1,320 lbs. (600 kg) |
© The Aviation History On-Line Museum.All rights reserved.
Created November 29, 2006. Updated October 12, 2013.
Created November 29, 2006. Updated October 12, 2013.
(Redirected from Rolls-Royce Aircraft Piston Engines)
A preserved Rolls-Royce Griffon 58, one of the last Rolls-Royce piston engines to be produced. The red and white 'dumb bell' object to the left of the engine is an air raid siren exhibit
Rolls-Royce produced a range of piston engine types for aircraft use in the first half of the 20th Century. Production of own-design engines ceased in 1955 with the last versions of the Griffon; licensed production of Teledyne Continental Motorsgeneral aviation engines was carried out by the company in the 1960s and 1970s.
Examples of Rolls-Royce aircraft piston engine types remain airworthy today with many more on public display in museums.
WWI[edit]
In 1915, the Eagle, Falcon, and Hawk engines were developed in response to wartime needs. The Eagle was very successful, especially for bombers. It was scaled down by a factor of 5:4 to make the Falcon or by deleting one bank of its V12 cylinders to make the Hawk. The smaller engines were intended for fighter aircraft. Subsequently, it was enlarged to make the Condor which saw use in airships.[1]
Inter-war years[edit]
The Rolls-Royce Kestrel
The Kestrel was a post-war redesign of the Eagle featuring wet cylinder liners in (two) common cylinder blocks. It was developed into the superchargedPeregrine and later the Goshawk.[2]
Developed concurrently with the Kestrel was the unusual Rolls-Royce Eagle XVIX engine that was cancelled in favour of the Kestrel despite performing well on the test stand.
The Buzzard was an enlargement of the Kestrel [3] of Condor size, developed in its most extreme form into the Rolls-Royce R racing engine used for the Schneider Trophy competition.[4]
The Vulture of 1939 was essentially two Peregrines on a common crankshaft in an X-24 configuration, both of these types being deemed unsuccessful.[5]
WWII and beyond[edit]
Rolls Royce Aviation Engines
The Rolls-Royce Merlin, and later the development of the Buzzard, the Rolls-Royce Griffon were the two most successful designs for Rolls-Royce to serve in the Second World War, the Merlin powering RAF fighters the Hawker Hurricane, Supermarine Spitfire, fighter/bomber de Havilland Mosquito, Lancaster and Halifax heavy bombers and also allied aircraft such as the American P-51 Mustang and some marks of Kittyhawk.
Experimental engines were developed as alternatives for high performance aircraft such as the H-24 configuration Rolls-Royce Eagle 22,[6] the two-strokeRolls-Royce Crecy[7] and the Rolls-Royce Pennine[8] and Rolls-Royce Exe, the Exe being the only one of these last three engines to fly.[9] However the successful development of the Merlin and Griffon, and the introduction of jet engines precluded significant production of these types.
Production of Rolls-Royce designed aircraft piston engines ceased in 1955 with the last variants of the Griffon.[10] Between 1961 and 1981 Rolls-Royce was licensed to build the Teledyne Continental range of light aircraft piston engines including the Continental O-520.[11]
Survivors[edit]
As of 2017 examples of the Falcon, Griffon, Kestrel and Merlin remain airworthy.[12]
Engines on display[edit]
Various types of Rolls-Royce aircraft piston engines are on public display at the following museums:
Chronological list[edit]
1915 Rolls-Royce Eagle V-12
The Rolls-Royce Merlin
Rolls Royce Aircraft Engine Manual Transmissions
See also[edit]
Related lists
References[edit]
Notes[edit]
- ^Lumsden 2003, pp.183-190.
- ^Lumsden 2003, pp.190-198.
- ^Lumsden 2003, p.198.
- ^Lumsden 2003, p.199.
- ^Lumsden 2003, p.200.
- ^Lumsden 2003, p.221.
- ^Nahum, Foster-Pegg, Birch 2004.
- ^Rubbra 1990, p.148.
- ^Lumsden 2003, p.201.
- ^Lumsden 2003, p.218.
- ^Gunston 1989, p.42.
- ^See individual articles for details
- ^By first run date
Bibliography[edit]
- Gunston, Bill. World Encyclopedia of Aero Engines. Cambridge, England. Patrick Stephens Limited, 1989. ISBN1-85260-163-9
- Nahum, A., Foster-Pegg, R.W., Birch, D. The Rolls-Royce Crecy, Rolls-Royce Heritage Trust. Derby, England. 1994 ISBN1-872922-05-8
- Lumsden, Alec. British Piston Engines and their Aircraft. Marlborough, Wiltshire: Airlife Publishing, 2003. ISBN1-85310-294-6.
- Rubbra, A.A. Rolls-Royce Piston Aero Engines - a designer remembers: Historical Series no 16 :Rolls Royce Heritage Trust, 1990. ISBN1-872922-00-7
Further reading[edit]
- Bill Gunston, Development of Piston Aero Engines. Cambridge, England. Patrick Stephens Limited, 2006. ISBN0-7509-4478-1
- Bill Gunston, Rolls-Royce Aero Engines, Patrick Stephens Limited (Haynes Group) ISBN1-85260-037-3
- Sir Stanley Hooker, Not Much of an Engineer, Airlife Publishing, ISBN0-906393-35-3
- Pugh, Peter. The Magic of a Name - The Rolls-Royce Story - The First 40 Years. Cambridge, England. Icon Books Ltd, 2000. ISBN1-84046-151-9
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Rolls-Royce piston aircraft engines. |
- 'From Eagle to Merlin' a 1939 Flight article
Rolls Royce Aircraft Engine Manuals Log In
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